What Should You Do?
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1. If you are at home and hear there is a tsunami warning, you should
make sure your entire family is aware of the tsunami. Your family
should evacuate your house if you live in a tsunami evacuation zone.
2. If you are at the beach or near the ocean and you feel the earth
shake, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for a tsunami
warning to be announced.
3. If you are on a ship or boat, do not return to port if you are at
sea and a tsunami warning has been issued for your area. Tsunami can
cause rapid changes in water level and unpredictable dangerous current
in harbours and ports.
Speed Of Tsunami
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Tsunami wave can travel at the speed of a commercial jet plane, over 800 km/h. They can move from one side of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. The waves can be extremely dangerous and damaging when they reach the shore.
What happens when a tsunami encounters land?
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Just like other water waves, tsunamis begin to lose energy as they rush onshore - part of the wave energy is reflected offshore, while the shoreward-propagating wave energy is dissipated through bottom friction and turbulence. Despite these losses, tsunamis still reach the coast with tremendous amounts of energy. Tsunamis have great erosional potential, stripping beaches of sand that may have taken years to accumulate and undermining trees and other coastal vegetation. Capable of inundating, or flooding, hundreds of meters inland past the typical high-water level, the fast-moving water associated with the inundating tsunami can crush homes and other coastal structures. Tsunamis may reach a maximum vertical height onshore above sea level, often called a run up height, of 10, 20, and even 30 meters.
How do earthquakes generate tsunamis?
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Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Tectonic earthquakes are a particular kind of earthquakes that are associated with the earth's crustal deformation; when these earthquakes occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position. Waves are formed as the displaced water mass, which acts under the influence of gravity, attempts to regain its equilibrium. When large areas of the sea floor elevate or subside, a tsunami can be created.
